THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF ANTARCTIC MARINE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL AND ANTROPOGENIC CONTAMINATIONS
Keywords:
ecological monitoring, marine coastal ecosystems, pollution, the AntarcticAbstract
The long-term environmental monitoring has provided the insight into the integral structure of marine ecosystem in a poorly investigated coastal area in the vicinity of the Ukrainian Antarctic Station. The structure and function of the local biota are the specific response of environmentally different involved elements to a series of limiting factors. Very short Antarctic vegetation season, the intensive coastal and deep-sea water exchange and environmental pollution add to unbalanced food relations of Antarctic plankton. As a result, despite abundant phyto- and bacterioplankton the fraction of mesozooplankton is underdeveloped and a large portion of primary matter sinks onto the sea floor thereby stimulating intensive growth of bottom organisms. Mass phyto- and zoobenthos and macroplankton species and fishes accumulate toxic heavy metals. The pollution inhibits normal reproduction of krill, the population recruitment of which is now owing to krill aggregations brought from other areas by sea currents. Krill recruitment rate and the local abundance maximums are the determining food conditions for natural consumers of the krill.
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