СТРУКТУРА І ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ АНТАРКТИЧНИХ МОРСЬКИХ ПРИБЕРЕЖНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ В УМОВАХ ПРИРОДНОГО ТА АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ
Ключові слова:
екологічний моніторинг, морська прибережна екосистема, забруднення, АнтарктикаАнотація
На основі екологічного мониторингу отримане цілісне уявлення про структурну організацію водної екосистеми в маловивченій прибережній зоні, прилеглій до Української Антарктичної станції. Структура і функціонування біоти визначаються специфічною у відповідь реакцією її екологічно різних елементів на ряд чинників що лімітують. Відома незбалансованість антарктичного планктону по трофічних взаємостосунках спільнот посилюється короткочасністю вегетаційного періоду, активним обміном вод прибережжя з відчиненим океаном і забрудненням середовища. В результаті при великій кількості фіто- і бактеріопланктону слабкий розвиток одержує мезозоопланктон, а значна частка первинної речовини поступає на дно, зумовлюючи інтенсивний розвиток донної фауни. Виявлена акумуляція важких металів різної токсичності в організмах масових видів фіто-зообентоса, макропланктону і риб. Вплив забруднення, що інгібірує, виявляється в придушенні процесу відтворення кріля, популяція якого є залежною, доповнюваною принесенням з інших районів. Інтенсивність цього доповнення і локалізація максимумів його чисельності визначають кормові умови організмів-споживачів рачка.
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