DIVERSITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE CОРЕРОD BEHAVIOUR IN ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS: AN OVERVIEW
Ключові слова:
pазнообразие, поведение копепод, свет, температура, соленость, турбулентная диффузияАнотація
Обзор основан на литературных данных и результатах многолетних экспериментальных исследований авторов на разных видах планктонных копепод из Черного и Средиземного морей и Атлантического океанa. Работа включает анализ разнообразия и изменчивости локомоторных актов копепод под влиянием абиотических факторов: света, температуры, солености и турбулентного перемешивания. Показана изменчивость двигательной активности в зависимости от интенсивности, направленности (для скалярных факторов) и различного сочетания факторов среды. На примере поведения Acartia clausi в вертикальном градиенте солености анализируются один из механизмов выбора предпочитаемых условий и явление полимодальности распределения копепод в градиентных условиях среды. Подчеркивается, что меж- и внутривидовая вариабельность поведения выбора обеспечивает более эффективное использование ресурсов среды, способствует ослаблению конкуренции между видами и, в конечном счете, поддерживает высокую степень видового разнообразия пелагических экосистем.
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